Bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant is the process of replacing bone marrow which is unable to perform its functions with a healthy bone marrow able to produce normal blood cells.

Bone marrow failure problem happen due to cancer diseases or as a result of receiving chemotherapy or radiation, or because of problems with the production of blood cells caused by many diseases that affect platelets or various genetic diseases such as Thalassemia.

Many patients in Turkey with diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma, bone marrow failure and genetic metabolic diseases survived and recover their health by performing bone marrow transplants that were taken from a donor, or from the patient himself, thanks to the Coordination Center for Stem Cell Therapy, where Stem cell transfers are performed in Turkey to approximately 3,000 patients every year.

Turkey ranked eighth globally in the number of volunteer bone marrow donors in 2017, and is also a member of the World Federation of Bone Marrow Banks.